瓦特布拉克這篇看似聳動的文章其實用其中的一句就可正確摘要,
那就是:「唯有國家和非私人的歧視,侵犯了女性的權利。」
換言之,唯有國家透過立法等手段對女性進行歧視並損害其權利才需要反對,
如以國家之力禁止婦女投票就是非常值得反對的例子,
然而,只要無涉暴力,個人或私有組織應保有行使歧視或其他沙豬行為的權利!
以性騷擾為例,
若無關暴力(=不顧意願強摸屁股),開黃腔等級的性騷擾根本無須政府管制,
交給市場以及其中的組織與個體就足以發展出應對的機制,
企業如果任由其沙豬以足以冒犯女性的程度開黃腔,
那麼其要嘛會持續損失具生產力的女性、要嘛需付出更高的薪資留住她,
兩種情況都加重了企業的成本、降低了生產力,進而阻礙其與其他公司競爭,
也就是說,只要沒有政府的因素阻礙女性就業,企業為了生存、本來就會改善工作環境,
相反地,要是政府本身就由沙豬把持、習於推行不利於女性的法律,
那麼期待政府能解決沙豬問題,更是緣木求魚!
開黃腔以外,另一種沙豬行為叫做「同工不同酬」,女性時常拿到較低的薪資,
面對此情事,許多婦權團體便要求政府訂定同工同酬的法律、保障女性權益,
然而,這樣的要求不但不合理、而且不必要,
不合理之處在於「人有權處分自己的財產=送哪些東西給人=付多少薪水給人」,
因此,若你相信自己有選擇送哥們兒A片、送辣妹鑽戒、送醜妹衛生棉的權利,
你也應該認同雇主有權「依自己的主觀偏好=歧視以支付薪水給員工」,
擔心這樣的現況將損及被歧視的女性權益?不用擔心,
若目前市場因為歧視的因素給予女性較低的薪水,
這表示雇主得以「低於男性的薪資雇用具同等生產力的女性」,
率先這麼做的雇主將在市場內獲得成功,為了利益,其他雇主也會仿效,
這不代表雇主因此就不是沙豬、能平等地看待女性,然而此結果卻有利於女性,
而以上因為自利而雇用女性的集體傾向,將不斷拉高女性的平均薪資,
直到薪資與生產力之間的關係完全排除性別歧視為止,這就是市場的魔力,
覺得以上像是幻想?美國早期的黑人之所以獲得越來越多的自由,就是因為如此,
早在南北戰爭前,歧視黑人的白人雇主就發現:提升黑人的待遇有助提升生產,
事實上只要政府並未以暴力將黑人貶低,市場本身的調節力就足以抹平歧視,
用在黑人身上如是,用在女性身上也如是。
相反地,如果靠政府立場、強迫雇主付給男女員工完全同等的薪水會怎樣呢?
首先,這扭曲了市場內「以個人生產力決定薪資」的良好機能,
生產力低於男性的女性將獲得相同的薪水、提高公司成本、降低整體生產力,
再來,以上情況可能讓男性因為相對剝奪感而降低其生產力,
亦可能提供雇主少雇女性、多雇男性的誘因,結果反而害女性無法充分就業,
這時可能有人會說:那只要立法規定雇主維持固定的性別比例即可!
這種企圖定義性別或種族比例的政策,比同工同酬更阻礙雇主對生產力進行衡量,
強制定義性別比例的結果,將讓生產力高於特定女性的男性失去工作,
亦讓雇主失去對人力自由進行最適化的自由——意味著成本的提高、產出的降低,
再延伸下去,就是工作機會被摧毀,結果女性也無可避免地受害了!
書中還舉了原本女賓止步的酒吧、因反歧視法的推行被迫「讓女性進入」的例子,
這是個標準的「政府透過暴力侵犯人民私有財產」的例子,
如果你有權決定誰能進你家喝啤酒,為何開始收錢後、就不能決定了呢?
更一般化地說,女人選擇被帥哥上而不跟醜男講話,難道也是該被管制的歧視嗎?
男同志拒絕女性的示愛,不也是極其明顯的歧視嗎?
如果覺得這樣的例子與酒吧合不起來,請仔細觀察其共通性,
那就是「人應能自願地以自己的身體或財產與他人互動」,如此而已,
只要無涉暴力,沒有人身或財產被侵害,沙豬行為根本就沒有構成實質的問題,
而沙豬的存在能反映此現實、進而讓人思考,
這是布拉克稱其為英雄的原因,並不是因為他覺得沙豬有什麼了不起的。
參考:《百辯經濟學》P.57-70
延伸:《活用經濟學》P.117-119

女性做得比男性少 作的比男性差 還敢要求同薪 真是笑話
一樓的思維模式很容易帶來一個議題 : 假設女性在成效上做得比男性少又比男性差 與從小教育的環境塑造及養成的因果關係有多大 ? 成就上的差異也得看個人的努力 很難說只有性別上的差異就能一概論之 因此 或許最多只能先確定 : 這個人做出來的成果沒另一個人符合要求,這個人剛好是女性。
[如以國家之力禁止婦女投票就是非常值得反對的例子] Mother Teresa must not have right to care any man made form, any woman less good than Mother Teresa, must have no right to care man made form, any woman better than Mother Teresa must do her best to stay at her own place to tell man how they should do mankind duty to vote a best mankind man to help them to guard the wild natural life. You sucking woman, cannot even be good enough to know your own sucking spouse, you own sucking boy friend, how dare you think you can be good enough to know who's that best mankind man. Not mention all woman must less smart than her son, less smart than her brother, less smart than her boy friend, less smart than her dad, how dare you think she can voter anyone better than her son, her brother, her boy friend, her dad can; if she can do better than her husband, she should have no problem to make her husband to go out to vote for her, if she cannot even be better than her husband, how dare you think she can vote better than her sucking spouse. Vote is not civil right, all innocent under 18 years old boy cannot have right to vote, not mention majority if not all woman cannot do better than majority young boys who are under 18 years old.
[woman better than Mother Teresa must do her best to stay at her own place to tell man how they should do mankind duty to vote a best mankind man to help them to guard the wild natural life] Therefore, "Woman and Black" must not vote, must those American women who done better than Mother Teresa told those men who founded the form of USA to make that as a Law clearly declared in USA Constitution along with man must deserve self-defense right to carry fire arms any time any place as he likes.
Why those old time good American women must have to tell those men who founded the form of USA to make the rule that[ "Woman and Black" must not vote] clearly declared in USA Constitution to make sure that rule must be undeniable? So that they can always rely on good woman can have that complete free mind and good slave can have absolute honest eyes to point our the simplest straight way to help their mankind to solve the most comprehensive problem showing in front of his eyes. Just like had I had always been treated by Lexus USA the supposed Customer First rule to send their road side service team to care my Lexus unexpected tire flat, dead battary, I would have had given a right easiest advise to my son to call Porsch free road side service right away to spare myself from running out of my own place to give myself and my son more unnecessary hard time. Every time, when any good better best meet the hard time, means all those who's older, richer, own more power, own more tech knowledge, own more authority less good, must pay more debt for the younger weaker less rich less powerful less authority less knowledged suffered.
"女人選擇被帥哥上而不跟醜男講話,難道也是該被管制的歧視嗎?" 這句蠻妙~ 如果男性沙豬的觀點歧視了女性,應該管制,則某些女性也認為沒錢沒車沒房的男性就是垃圾,這不也是歧視了某些男性,這樣的言論和觀念也應該被管制嗎? 什麼都要管制的話,管制的完嗎? 不是很好笑嗎
sean大借轉唷~謝謝